 | | 75 F (24 C) | |
Humidity
| 88% | |
Wind
| from the NE (040 degrees) at 5 MPH (4 KT):0 | | Adana / Incirlik, Turkey (LTAG) 37-00N 035-25E 66M | | Sep 05, 2010 - 08:50 PM EDT / 2010.09.06 0050 UTC |
|
| Turkey |  | Türkiye Cumhuriyeti |
|
|
| Country Name: |
The Republic of Turkey Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
|
| Background: |
Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and intermittent military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known as the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 30,000 lives. After the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK announced an end to its ceasefire and attacks attributed to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO; it holds a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council from 2009-10. In 1964, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its democracy and economy; it began accession membership talks with the European Union in 2005.
|
| Area: |
780,580 sq km |
| Population: |
76,805,524 (July 2009 est.) |
| Ethnic Groups: |
Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated) |
| Borders: |
Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km |
| Natural Resources: |
coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower |
| Capital: |
Ankara |
| Government Type: |
republican parliamentary democracy |
| Independence: |
29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire) |
| Languages: |
Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic |
| Currency: |
Turkish Lira |
| GMT: |
GMT (+2) |
|
|
Adana
|
322
|
|
Adapazarı
|
264
|
|
Adıyaman
|
416
|
|
Afyon
|
272
|
|
Agri
|
472
|
|
Aksaray
|
382
|
|
Amasya
|
358
|
|
Ankara
|
312
|
|
Antalya
|
242
|
|
Ardahan
|
478
|
|
Aria (GSM 1800)
|
55
|
|
Artvin
|
466
|
|
Aycell (GSM 1800)
|
505
|
|
Aydin
|
256
|
|
Balikesir
|
266
|
|
Bartin
|
378
|
|
Batman
|
488
|
|
Bayburt
|
458
|
|
Bilecik
|
228
|
|
Bingol
|
426
|
|
Bitus
|
434
|
|
Bolu
|
374
|
|
Burdur
|
248
|
|
Bursa
|
224
|
|
Canakkale
|
286
|
|
Cankiri
|
376
|
|
Corum
|
364
|
|
Denizli
|
258
|
|
Diyarbakir
|
412
|
|
Edirne
|
284
|
|
Elazig
|
424
|
|
Erzincan
|
446
|
|
Erzurum
|
442
|
|
Eskisehir
|
222
|
|
Gaziantep
|
851
|
|
Giresun
|
454
|
|
Gumushane
|
456
|
|
Hakkari
|
438
|
|
Hatay
|
326
|
|
Icel (Mersin)
|
324
|
|
Igdir
|
476
|
|
Isparta
|
246
|
|
Istanbul Asya (Asia side)
|
216
|
|
Istanbul Avrupa (Europe side)
|
212
|
|
Izmir
|
232
|
|
Izmit
|
262
|
|
Kahramanmaras
|
344
|
|
Karaman
|
338
|
|
Kars
|
474
|
|
Kastamonu
|
366
|
|
Kayseri
|
352
|
|
Kirikkale
|
318
|
|
Kirklareli
|
288
|
|
Kirsehir
|
386
|
|
Kocaeli
|
262
|
|
Konya
|
332
|
|
Kutahya
|
274
|
|
Malatya
|
422
|
|
Manisa
|
236
|
|
Mardin
|
482
|
|
Mugla
|
252
|
|
Mus
|
436
|
|
Nevsehir
|
384
|
|
Nigde
|
388
|
|
Ordu
|
452
|
|
Rize
|
464
|
|
Sakarya
|
264
|
|
Samsun
|
362
|
|
Sanliurfa
|
414
|
|
Siirt
|
484
|
|
Sinop
|
368
|
|
Sirnak
|
486
|
|
Sivas
|
346
|
|
Tekirdag
|
282
|
|
Telsim (GSM 900)
|
54
|
|
Tokat
|
356
|
|
Trabzon
|
462
|
|
Tunceli
|
428
|
|
Turkcell (GSM 900)
|
53
|
|
Turkish Telecom NMTS 450)
|
522
|
|
Usak
|
276
|
|
Van
|
432
|
|
Yalova
|
226
|
|
Yozgat
|
354
|
|
Zonguldak
|
372
|
|
January 1
|
New Year's Day
| |
|
April 23
|
National Sovereignty and Children's Day
| |
|
May 1
|
May Day Public Holiday (Istanbul only)
| |
|
May 19
|
Commemoration of Atatürk and Youth and Sports Day
| |
|
August 30
|
Victory Day
| |
|
October 28
|
Republic Day
| |
Loading...
|